Everything about The Basotho totally explained
The
Basotho people have lived in
southern Africa since around the
fifteenth century. The Basotho nation (modern
Lesotho) emerged from the accomplished diplomacy of
Moshoeshoe I who gathered together disparate clans of
Sotho-Tswana origin that had dispersed across southern Africa in the early
19th century. Most Basotho today live in
South Africa.
History
The most significant role
Moshoeshoe I played as a diplomat was his acts of friendship towards his beaten enemies. He provided land and protection to various people and this strengthened the growing Basotho nation. His influence and followers grew with the integration of a number of refugees and victims of
Difaqane.
Establishment of a nation
By the later part of the 1800s, Moshoeshoe established the nation of the Basotho. He was popularly known as Morena e Moholo/morena wa Basotho (Great chief/king of the Basotho).
Early missionaries
Around the 1830s, the Europeans started to move into the mainland of South Africa. Firstly, this led to missionaries from various societies setting up missions with different clans throughout the country. However, this period also marked the beginning of conflict between Europeans and Africans. The
Afrikaners, the Dutch-speaking people of mixed European descent, met the Basotho people after they settled in the region of the now
Free State province (bordering Lesotho on the west). In an attempt to be prepared for any possible battle, Moshoeshoe asked the missionaries to come and live among his people. He believed that in this way, it would be easier to acquire guns for protection against the Europeans and the
Koranna people. The first three missionaries were Thomas Arbousset, Eugene Casalis and Constant Gosselin from the
Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS). They were placed at
Morija, where a lot of work was done on creating an orthography for the
Sotho language. The first printing press was also established here. Casalis also acted as an advisor to King Moshoeshoe in matters relating to Europeans and the
Cape Colony.
Alliance with the Cape Colony
For strategic reasons and mainly for protection against Afrikaners, Basotho became allies with the British Cape Colony in
1843. During the period that followed many wars and conflicts took place between the Basotho, the Afrikaners and British. This happened at the backdrop of increased colonization in Africa by Britain and shifts in possession of the Free State region between the Afrikaners and the British.
Annexation and independence
The British annexed
Lesotho, then called Basutoland, in
1868 and it led to British rule up to independence on
4th October 1966.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Basotho'.
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